DevOps and Infrastructure as Code with AI

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Modern DevOps requires managing complex infrastructure, CI/CD pipelines, monitoring systems, and deployment strategies. This lesson demonstrates how Cursor IDE’s AI capabilities transform DevOps workflows, making infrastructure as code (IaC) more accessible and reliable.

AI-Powered DevOps Revolution

Traditional DevOps involves deep knowledge of multiple tools, platforms, and best practices. AI assistance democratizes this expertise, helping developers write infrastructure code, create deployment pipelines, and implement monitoring with confidence.

DevOps Challenges AI Solves

Infrastructure Complexity

AI generates cloud-agnostic IaC with best practices built-in

Pipeline Automation

AI creates sophisticated CI/CD pipelines tailored to your stack

Security Configuration

AI implements security best practices and compliance requirements

Cost Optimization

AI suggests cost-effective infrastructure configurations

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Getting Started with Terraform

Project Structure Setup

# Ask AI to create Terraform project structure
"Create a Terraform project structure for:
- Multi-environment setup (dev, staging, prod)
- AWS infrastructure
- Modular design with reusable components
- Remote state management
- Variable management best practices"

Generate Base Infrastructure

# AI creates main infrastructure
"Generate Terraform configuration for:
- VPC with public/private subnets
- EKS cluster with node groups
- RDS PostgreSQL with read replicas
- Redis cluster for caching
- S3 buckets with proper encryption
- IAM roles and policies"

Environment Configuration

# AI implements environment-specific configs
"Create environment-specific configurations:
- Development: minimal resources, cost-optimized
- Staging: production-like but smaller
- Production: highly available, auto-scaling
Include proper tagging strategy"

Cloud Platform Implementations

# AI generates AWS infrastructure
"Create AWS infrastructure for a web application:
- Application Load Balancer with WAF
- ECS Fargate for containerized services
- Aurora Serverless for database
- CloudFront CDN for static assets
- Secrets Manager for credentials
- CloudWatch monitoring and alarms"

# AI provides complete implementation
module "web_app" {
  source = "./modules/web-application"

  environment = var.environment
  region      = var.aws_region

  vpc_config = {
    cidr_block           = var.vpc_cidr
    availability_zones   = data.aws_availability_zones.available.names
    enable_nat_gateway   = var.environment == "production"
    single_nat_gateway   = var.environment != "production"
  }

  ecs_config = {
    task_cpu    = var.task_cpu
    task_memory = var.task_memory
    desired_count = var.environment == "production" ? 3 : 1

    autoscaling = {
      min_capacity = var.environment == "production" ? 3 : 1
      max_capacity = var.environment == "production" ? 10 : 3

      target_cpu_utilization    = 70
      target_memory_utilization = 80
    }
  }

  # ... complete configuration
}

# AI creates Azure infrastructure
"Set up Azure infrastructure for microservices:
- AKS cluster with multiple node pools
- Azure Database for PostgreSQL
- Application Gateway with WAF
- Key Vault for secrets
- Container Registry
- Monitor and Log Analytics"

# AI implements Azure-specific patterns
resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster" "main" {
  name                = "${var.project_name}-aks-${var.environment}"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.main.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.main.name
  dns_prefix          = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}"

  default_node_pool {
    name                = "system"
    node_count          = var.system_node_count
    vm_size            = "Standard_D2_v3"
    availability_zones  = ["1", "2", "3"]
    enable_auto_scaling = true
    min_count          = 1
    max_count          = 3
  }

  identity {
    type = "SystemAssigned"
  }

  network_profile {
    network_plugin    = "azure"
    network_policy    = "calico"
    load_balancer_sku = "standard"
  }

  # ... additional configuration
}

# AI implements GCP infrastructure
"Create GCP infrastructure for data pipeline:
- GKE Autopilot cluster
- Cloud SQL with high availability
- Pub/Sub for messaging
- Dataflow for stream processing
- BigQuery for analytics
- Cloud Storage for data lake"

# AI provides GCP-optimized configuration
module "data_platform" {
  source = "./modules/gcp-data-platform"

  project_id  = var.gcp_project_id
  region      = var.gcp_region
  environment = var.environment

  gke_config = {
    autopilot_enabled = true
    release_channel   = "STABLE"

    workload_identity_config = {
      enabled = true
    }
  }

  bigquery_config = {
    dataset_id = "${var.project_name}_${var.environment}"
    location   = "US"

    tables = {
      events = {
        time_partitioning = {
          type  = "DAY"
          field = "timestamp"
        }
        clustering = ["user_id", "event_type"]
      }
    }
  }

  # ... complete implementation
}

Kubernetes Infrastructure

# AI helps with Kubernetes manifests
"Create Kubernetes manifests for:
- Microservices deployment with HPA
- Service mesh (Istio) configuration
- Ingress with TLS termination
- ConfigMaps and Secrets
- Network policies
- RBAC rules"

# AI generates production-ready manifests
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: api-service
  namespace: production
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: api-service
        version: v1
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: api-service
      containers:
      - name: api
        image: myregistry/api:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: DATABASE_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: database-credentials
              key: connection-string
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
---
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: api-service-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: api-service
  minReplicas: 3
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 70
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

CI/CD Pipeline Development

GitHub Actions Workflows

# AI creates comprehensive CI/CD pipeline
"Create GitHub Actions workflow for:
- Multi-service monorepo
- Docker builds with layer caching
- Automated testing (unit, integration, e2e)
- Security scanning (SAST, dependency check)
- Multi-environment deployment
- Rollback capabilities"

name: CI/CD Pipeline

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

env:
  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}

jobs:
  detect-changes:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      services: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.services }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Detect changed services
        id: detect
        run: |
          # AI generates change detection logic
          CHANGED_SERVICES=$(git diff --name-only ${{ github.event.before }}..${{ github.sha }} | \
            grep -E '^services/' | \
            cut -d'/' -f2 | \
            sort -u | \
            jq -R -s -c 'split("\n")[:-1]')
          echo "services=$CHANGED_SERVICES" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

  build-and-test:
    needs: detect-changes
    strategy:
      matrix:
        service: ${{ fromJson(needs.detect-changes.outputs.services) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2

      - name: Log in to Container Registry
        uses: docker/login-action@v2
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and test
        run: |
          # AI implements sophisticated build process
          docker buildx build \
            --target test \
            --load \
            --cache-from type=gha \
            --cache-to type=gha,mode=max \
            -t ${{ matrix.service }}-test \
            ./services/${{ matrix.service }}

          docker run --rm ${{ matrix.service }}-test

      - name: Security scan
        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
        with:
          image-ref: ${{ matrix.service }}-test
          format: 'sarif'
          output: 'trivy-results.sarif'

      - name: Upload scan results
        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
        with:
          sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'

  deploy:
    needs: build-and-test
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production
    steps:
      # AI implements deployment strategy
      - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
        run: |
          # ... deployment logic

Multi-Platform CI/CD

# AI creates GitLab CI pipeline
"Generate GitLab CI pipeline with:
- Parallel job execution
- Docker-in-Docker builds
- Kubernetes deployment
- Review apps for MRs
- Scheduled security scans"

variables:
  DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
  DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: "/certs"
  KUBERNETES_MEMORY_REQUEST: 1Gi
  KUBERNETES_MEMORY_LIMIT: 2Gi

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - security
  - deploy
  - cleanup

.build_template:
  image: docker:latest
  services:
    - docker:dind
  before_script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
  script:
    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/$SERVICE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA ./services/$SERVICE
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/$SERVICE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA

# ... complete pipeline configuration

// AI creates Jenkinsfile
"Create Jenkins pipeline for:
- Declarative pipeline syntax
- Parallel stages
- Shared libraries
- Blue Ocean compatible
- Slack notifications"

@Library('shared-library') _

pipeline {
    agent {
        kubernetes {
            yaml """
            apiVersion: v1
            kind: Pod
            spec:
              containers:
              - name: docker
                image: docker:dind
                securityContext:
                  privileged: true
              - name: kubectl
                image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
                command: ['cat']
                tty: true
            """
        }
    }

    environment {
        DOCKER_REGISTRY = credentials('docker-registry')
        KUBECONFIG = credentials('kubeconfig')
    }

    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                container('docker') {
                    script {
                        // AI implements build logic
                        docker.build("${env.IMAGE_NAME}:${env.BUILD_ID}")
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // ... additional stages
    }

    post {
        success {
            slackSend(color: 'good', message: "Deploy succeeded: ${env.JOB_NAME} ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}")
        }
        failure {
            slackSend(color: 'danger', message: "Deploy failed: ${env.JOB_NAME} ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}")
        }
    }
}

# AI creates Azure DevOps pipeline
"Generate Azure DevOps pipeline with:
- Multi-stage YAML pipeline
- Template reuse
- Approval gates
- Azure Key Vault integration
- Artifact publishing"

trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - develop
  paths:
    include:
      - services/*

variables:
  - group: production-variables
  - name: buildConfiguration
    value: 'Release'

stages:
- stage: Build
  jobs:
  - job: BuildServices
    strategy:
      matrix:
        service1:
          serviceName: 'api'
        service2:
          serviceName: 'web'
    pool:
      vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'
    steps:
    - task: Docker@2
      inputs:
        containerRegistry: 'ACR-Connection'
        repository: '$(serviceName)'
        command: 'buildAndPush'
        Dockerfile: 'services/$(serviceName)/Dockerfile'
        tags: |
          $(Build.BuildId)
          latest

- stage: Deploy
  dependsOn: Build
  condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main'))
  jobs:
  - deployment: DeployToAKS
    environment: 'production'
    strategy:
      runOnce:
        deploy:
          steps:
          # ... deployment steps

Container Orchestration

Docker Optimization

# AI creates optimized Dockerfiles
"Create multi-stage Dockerfile for Node.js app with:
- Minimal final image size
- Layer caching optimization
- Security best practices
- Non-root user
- Health checks"

# AI generates optimized Dockerfile
# Build stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

# Install build dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 make g++

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./
COPY yarn.lock ./

# Install dependencies with cache mount
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.yarn \
    yarn install --frozen-lockfile --production=false

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Build application
RUN yarn build

# Prune dev dependencies
RUN yarn install --frozen-lockfile --production=true && \
    yarn cache clean

# Runtime stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS runtime

# Install runtime dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache tini

# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \
    adduser -S nodejs -u 1001

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Copy built application
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/package.json ./

# Switch to non-root user
USER nodejs

# Expose port
EXPOSE 3000

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
    CMD node healthcheck.js

# Use tini for proper signal handling
ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/tini", "--"]

# Start application
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

Helm Chart Development

# AI creates production Helm charts
"Generate Helm chart for microservices with:
- Configurable resource limits
- HPA configuration
- Ingress with TLS
- Service mesh integration
- Secrets management
- Monitoring integration"

# AI provides complete chart structure
# values.yaml
global:
  environment: production
  domain: example.com

services:
  api:
    enabled: true
    replicaCount: 3
    image:
      repository: myregistry/api
      tag: latest
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "256Mi"
        cpu: "250m"
      limits:
        memory: "512Mi"
        cpu: "500m"

    autoscaling:
      enabled: true
      minReplicas: 3
      maxReplicas: 10
      targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 70
      targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage: 80

    service:
      type: ClusterIP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080

    ingress:
      enabled: true
      className: nginx
      annotations:
        cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
      hosts:
        - host: api.example.com
          paths:
            - path: /
              pathType: Prefix
      tls:
        - secretName: api-tls
          hosts:
            - api.example.com

# templates/deployment.yaml
{{- range $name, $service := .Values.services }}
{{- if $service.enabled }}
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: {{ $name }}
  labels:
    {{- include "microservices.labels" $ | nindent 4 }}
    app.kubernetes.io/component: {{ $name }}
spec:
  {{- if not $service.autoscaling.enabled }}
  replicas: {{ $service.replicaCount }}
  {{- end }}
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      {{- include "microservices.selectorLabels" $ | nindent 6 }}
      app.kubernetes.io/component: {{ $name }}
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        checksum/config: {{ include (print $.Template.BasePath "/configmap.yaml") $ | sha256sum }}
      labels:
        {{- include "microservices.selectorLabels" $ | nindent 8 }}
        app.kubernetes.io/component: {{ $name }}
    spec:
      {{- with $.Values.imagePullSecrets }}
      imagePullSecrets:
        {{- toYaml . | nindent 8 }}
      {{- end }}
      serviceAccountName: {{ include "microservices.serviceAccountName" $ }}
      containers:
        - name: {{ $name }}
          image: "{{ $service.image.repository }}:{{ $service.image.tag | default $.Chart.AppVersion }}"
          imagePullPolicy: {{ $service.image.pullPolicy }}
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: {{ $service.service.targetPort }}
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            periodSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /ready
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 5
            periodSeconds: 5
          resources:
            {{- toYaml $service.resources | nindent 12 }}
          env:
            - name: ENVIRONMENT
              value: {{ $.Values.global.environment }}
            {{- if $service.env }}
            {{- toYaml $service.env | nindent 12 }}
            {{- end }}
---
{{- end }}
{{- end }}

Monitoring and Observability

Prometheus Stack Setup

# AI implements monitoring stack
"Set up Prometheus monitoring with:
- Service discovery for Kubernetes
- Custom metrics and alerts
- Grafana dashboards
- AlertManager configuration
- Long-term storage with Thanos"

# AI creates comprehensive monitoring
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s

    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
        - static_configs:
            - targets:
                - alertmanager:9093

    rule_files:
      - "alerts/*.yml"

    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: endpoints
        scheme: https
        tls_config:
          ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
        relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
            action: keep
            regex: default;kubernetes;https

      - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: pod
        relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
            action: keep
            regex: true
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
            action: replace
            target_label: __metrics_path__
            regex: (.+)
          - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
            action: replace
            regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
            replacement: $1:$2
            target_label: __address__

Logging Architecture

Log Collection

Fluentd/Fluent Bit for log aggregation

Log Storage

Elasticsearch or Loki for storage

Log Analysis

Kibana or Grafana for visualization

Log Alerting

Real-time alerts on log patterns

Security and Compliance

Security Scanning Pipeline

# AI implements security scanning
"Create security scanning pipeline with:
- SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
- DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
- Container scanning
- Dependency vulnerability scanning
- Infrastructure compliance checks"

# AI generates security workflow
name: Security Scanning

on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # Daily at 2 AM
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  sast-scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Run Semgrep
        uses: returntocorp/semgrep-action@v1
        with:
          config: >-
            p/security-audit
            p/owasp-top-ten
            p/r2c-security-audit

      - name: Run CodeQL
        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
        with:
          languages: javascript, python

      - name: SonarCloud Scan
        uses: SonarSource/sonarcloud-github-action@master
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}

  dependency-scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Run Snyk
        uses: snyk/actions/node@master
        env:
          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
        with:
          args: --severity-threshold=high

      - name: OWASP Dependency Check
        uses: dependency-check/Dependency-Check_Action@main
        with:
          project: 'app'
          path: '.'
          format: 'ALL'

  container-scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Run Trivy
        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
        with:
          scan-type: 'fs'
          scan-ref: '.'
          format: 'sarif'
          output: 'trivy-results.sarif'
          severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'

      - name: Upload Trivy results
        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
        with:
          sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'

Infrastructure Testing

Terraform Testing

# AI creates infrastructure tests
"Generate Terratest suite for:
- Module testing
- Integration testing
- Compliance validation
- Cost estimation
- Destroy testing"

// AI implements Go tests for Terraform
package test

import (
    "testing"
    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestTerraformWebAppModule(t *testing.T) {
    t.Parallel()

    terraformOptions := &terraform.Options{
        TerraformDir: "../modules/web-app",
        Vars: map[string]interface{}{
            "environment": "test",
            "region":      "us-east-1",
        },
    }

    defer terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)

    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)

    // Validate outputs
    albDns := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "alb_dns_name")
    assert.NotEmpty(t, albDns)

    // Test actual infrastructure
    validateALBIsWorking(t, albDns)
    validateSecurityGroups(t, terraformOptions)
    validateTags(t, terraformOptions)
}

Practical Exercises

Exercise 1: Complete Infrastructure Setup

Design infrastructure architecture with AI
Implement IaC with Terraform/CloudFormation
Create CI/CD pipeline
Set up monitoring and logging
Implement security scanning

Exercise 2: Kubernetes Deployment

Create Kubernetes manifests with AI
Implement Helm charts
Set up GitOps with ArgoCD
Configure service mesh
Implement observability stack

Exercise 3: Disaster Recovery

Design backup strategy
Implement automated backups
Create recovery procedures
Test failover scenarios
Document RTO/RPO

Best Practices

Version Everything

Keep all infrastructure code in version control

Test Infrastructure

Test infrastructure changes before production

Monitor Everything

Comprehensive monitoring from day one

Automate Security

Security scanning in every pipeline

Next Steps

Monitoring Deep Dive

Advanced monitoring and observability

Migration Strategies

Migrating legacy infrastructure

Architecture Patterns

Cloud-native architecture design